On the phase diagram of 2d Lorentzian Quantum Gravity

The phase diagram of 2d Lorentzian quantum gravity (LQG) coupled to conformal matter is studied. A phase transition is observed at $c=c_{\rm crit}$ ($1/2<c_{\rm crit}<4$) which can be thought of as the analogue of the $c=1$ barrier of Euclidean quantum gravity (EQG). The non--trivial properties of the quantum geometry are discussed.Comment: LATTICE99(gravity), 3 pages, espcrc2.sty, simulations available at http://www.nbi.dk/~ambjorn/lqg2

Making the gravitational path integral more Lorentzian, or: Life beyond Liouville gravity

In two space-time dimensions, there is a theory of Lorentzian quantum gravity which can be defined by a rigorous, non-perturbative path integral and is inequivalent to the well-known theory of (Euclidean) quantum Liouville gravity. It has a number of appealing features: i) its quantum geometry is non-fractal, ii) it remains consistent when coupled to matter, even beyond the c=1 barrier, iii) it is closer to canonical quantization approaches than previous path-integral formulations, and iv) its construction generalizes to higher dimensions.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures (postscript), uses espcrc2.st

The Factorization Method for Monte Carlo Simulations of Systems With a Complex Action

We propose a method for Monte Carlo simulations of systems with a complex action. The method has the advantages of being in principle applicable to any such system and provides a solution to the overlap problem. In some cases, like in the IKKT matrix model, a finite size scaling extrapolation can provide results for systems whose size would make it prohibitive to simulate directly.Comment: Lattice2003(nonzero), 3 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings for Lattice 2003, July 2003, Tsukuba, Japa

The factorization method for systems with a complex action -a test in Random Matrix Theory for finite density QCD-

Monte Carlo simulations of systems with a complex action are known to be extremely difficult. A new approach to this problem based on a factorization property of distribution functions of observables has been proposed recently. The method can be applied to any system with a complex action, and it eliminates the so-called overlap problem completely. We test the new approach in a Random Matrix Theory for finite density QCD, where we are able to reproduce the exact results for the quark number density. The achieved system size is large enough to extract the thermodynamic limit. Our results provide a clear understanding of how the expected first order phase transition is induced by the imaginary part of the action.Comment: 27 pages, 25 figure

Spin-spin correlation functions of spin systems coupled to 2-d quantum gravity for 0<c<10 < c < 1

We perform Monte Carlo simulations of 2-d dynamically triangulated surfaces coupled to Ising and three--states Potts model matter. By measuring spin-spin correlation functions as a function of the geodesic distance we provide substantial evidence for a diverging correlation length at $\beta_c$. The corresponding scaling exponents are directly related to the KPZ exponents of the matter fields as conjectured in [4] (NPB454(1995)313).Comment: Talk presented at LATTICE96(gravity

The Quantum Spacetime of c>0 2d Gravity

We review recent developments in the understanding of the fractal properties of quantum spacetime of 2d gravity coupled to c>0 conformal matter. In particular we discuss bounds put by numerical simulations using dynamical triangulations on the value of the Hausdorff dimension d_H obtained from scaling properties of two point functions defined in terms of geodesic distance. Further insight to the fractal structure of spacetime is obtained from the study of the loop length distribution function which reveals that the 0<c<= 1 system has similar geometric properties with pure gravity, whereas the branched polymer structure becomes clear for c >= 5.Comment: LaTeX2e, 3 pages, 3 figure

Complex zeros of the 2d Ising model on dynamical random lattices

We study the zeros in the complex plane of the partition function for the Ising model coupled to $2d$ quantum gravity for complex magnetic field and for complex temperature. We compute the zeros by using the exact solution coming from a two matrix model and by Monte Carlo simulations of Ising spins on dynamical triangulations. We present evidence that the zeros form simple one-dimensional patterns in the complex plane, and that the critical behaviour of the system is governed by the scaling of the distribution of singularities near the critical point.Comment: 3 pages, 8 figures, latex2e, uses espcrc2.sty. Contribution to Lattice '97, Edinburgh, July 1997, to appear on Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.

On the Quantum Geometry of String Theory

The IKKT or IIB matrix model has been proposed as a non-perturbative definition of type IIB superstring theories. It has the attractive feature that space--time appears dynamically. It is possible that lower dimensional universes dominate the theory, therefore providing a dynamical solution to the reduction of space--time dimensionality. We summarize recent works that show the central role of the phase of the fermion determinant in the possible realization of such a scenario.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures, Lattice2001(surfaces

Representation of SU(infinity) Algebra for Matrix Models

We investigate how the matrix representation of SU(N) algebra approaches that of the Poisson algebra in the large N limit. In the adjoint representation, the (N^2-1) times (N^2-1) matrices of the SU(N) generators go to those of the Poisson algebra in the large N limit. However, it is not the case for the N times N matrices in the fundamental representation.Comment: 8 page

Simulating Simplified Versions of the IKKT Matrix Model

We simulate a supersymmetric matrix model obtained from dimensional reduction of 4d SU(N) super Yang-Mills theory (a 4d counter part of the IKKT model or IIB matrix model). The eigenvalue distribution determines the space structure. The measurement of Wilson loop correlators reveals a universal large N scaling. Eguchi-Kawai equivalence may hold in a finite range of scale, which is also true for the bosonic case. We finally report on simulations of a low energy approximation of the 10d IKKT model, where we omit the phase of the Pfaffian and look for evidence for a spontaneous Lorentz symmetry breaking.Comment: 4 pages, talk presented at LATTICE 2000 (Bangalore